El Consejo de Ministros ha aprobado un Real Decreto Ley Real Decreto-ley 9/2015, de 10 de julio, de medidas urgentes para reducir la carga tributaria soportada por los contribuyentes del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas y otras medidas de carácter económico de medidas urgentes para reducir la carga tributaria soportada por los contribuyentes del IRPF y otras medidas de carácter económico. Con ello se hace efectivo el adelanto de la rebaja del IRPF aprobada para 2016.
La citada rebaja es adicional a la que entró en vigor en enero de este año. Su adelanto a julio se hace posible gracias a la mejora de la recaudación tributaria, fruto del mayor crecimiento del PIB tras las reformas económicas emprendidas por el Gobierno. Supondrá una inyección adicional de renta disponible de 1.500 millones de euros para los veinte millones de contribuyentes del impuesto. Ello generará efectos positivos en el consumo y la creación de empleo, suponiendo un impulso aún mayor al crecimiento económico.
El adelanto a julio de la rebaja del IRPF prevista para 2016 se aplicará mediante una única tarifa que, con carácter transitorio, tendrá efectos desde enero a diciembre de 2015.
Esta nueva tarifa intermedia sustituirá, por tanto, a la que entró en vigor este año, con la rebaja aprobada para 2015, y, además, contendrá los efectos de la rebaja adicional inicialmente aprobada para 2016 y que dejará notar sus efectos en el segundo semestre del año. El efecto económico de la tarifa intermedia es el equivalente a adelantar la tarifa de 2016 a mediados de 2015.
Nueva Tarifa
La nueva tarifa general (transitoria) sitúa los tipos a nivel intermedio de los aprobados para 2015 sitúa los tipos a nivel intermedio de los aprobados para 2015 y 2016. Así, se reduce del 20 por 100 al 19,5 por 100 el tipo marginal mínimo del impuesto, que será aplicable, con efectos retroactivos desde enero de 2015. En 2016, quedará en el 19 por 100, como estaba previsto. Por su parte, el tipo marginal máximo se reduce al 46 por 100 (estaba situado en el 47 por 100). En 2016 quedará en el 45 por 100.
Base imponible | Tipo | ||
2015 | 2016 | 2015 RDL | |
Hasta 12.450 | 20% | 19% | 19,50% |
12.450 – 20.200 | 25% | 24% | 24,50% |
20.200 – 34.000/35.200* | 31% | 30% | 30,50% |
34.000/35.200 – 60.000 | 39% | 37% | 38,00% |
60.000 – En adelante | 47% | 45% | 46,00% |
* Hasta 34.000 euros en 2015 (inicial y RD-L); y 35.200 euros en 2016
Esta rebaja realizada en la tarifa general será asumida por completo por el Estado, es decir, sin necesidad de que las Comunidades Autónomas aprueben una nueva tarifa autonómica.
La Agencia Tributaria tendrá disponible en breve la aplicación informática con la nueva tabla de retenciones salariales con el fin de facilitar a los pagadores todos los trámites necesarios. Las empresas que no puedan llegar a adaptar las nuevas retenciones a las nóminas de julio por efecto de sus respectivos calendarios de pago deberán regularizar la situación en la nómina de agosto.
Bajan las retenciones a los autónomos
Por otro lado, el Real Decreto Ley extiende el tipo de retención reducido del 15 por 100 en el IRPF a todos los profesionales, con independencia de su nivel de ingresos. Hasta ahora este tipo estaba reservado, desde julio de 2014, a los profesionales que tuvieran rentas inferiores a 15.000 euros. Al resto de profesionales se le aplicaba hasta ahora un tipo del 19 por 100. La reducción del tipo de retención del 19 por 100 al 15 por 100 se aplicará también a los rendimientos de trabajo derivados de impartir cursos, conferencias, seminarios y similares, y de obras literarias, artísticas o científicas.
También se rebaja al 7 por 100 el tipo aplicable durante los tres primeros años del inicio de la actividad, actualmente en el 9 por 100.
La ampliación a todo el colectivo de profesionales, con efectos desde la entrada en vigor del Real Decreto Ley, permitirá una inyección de liquidez al sector de 350 millones de euros. La medida beneficia a cerca de 800.000 autónomos, que verán incrementada su liquidez en 283 euros de media en lo que queda de año.
Rebaja tarifa del ahorro
El adelanto de la rebaja del IRPF incluye no solo las rentas salariales sino también las procedentes del ahorro. Por tanto, la tributación del ahorro se verá favorecida de una rebaja adicional del IRPF, ya desde este mismo mes. En este caso, se aplicará también una única tarifa transitoria, con efectos desde enero hasta diciembre de 2015. El efecto de esta tarifa intermedia es equivalente a adelantar la tarifa del ahorro de 2016 a mediados de 2015.
Base imponible | Tipo | |||
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 RDL | |
Hasta 6.000 | 21% | 20% | 19% | 19,5% |
6.000 – 24.000 | 25% | 22% | 21% | 21,5% |
24.000 – 50.000 | 27% | 22% | 21% | 21,5% |
50.000 – En adelante | 27% | 24% | 23% | 23,5% |
Progresividad
La reforma del IRPF supone en su totalidad una rebaja para los veinte millones de contribuyentes del impuesto. Saldrán más beneficiadas las rentas bajas y medias, y las familias con hijos y/o con personas con discapacidad a su cargo. Después de la aprobación del Real Decreto Ley, los contribuyentes con una renta salarial de 60.000 euros anuales tendrán en 2015 una rebaja del 5,4 por 100 en su tipo medio, respecto a 2014. La rebaja será del 11,5 por 100 para los que ingresan 20.000 euros al año, y del 20,8 por 100 para los que tienen unas rentas de 15.000 euros. Finalmente, para las rentas de hasta 12.000 euros el ahorro es completo, del 100 por 100 de la cuota.
Nuevas exenciones
El Real Decreto Ley aprobado hoy recoge también otras medidas tributarias de calado:
- Ayudas sociales exentas. Se declaran exentas de tributación las ayudas públicas concedidas por las Comunidades Autónomas y las entidades locales para atender a ciudadanos en situación de emergencia, riesgo de exclusión social o para atender necesidades de alimentación o escolarización y demás necesidades básicas de menores o personas con discapacidad. Se fija un límite máximo anual conjunto de 1,5 veces el indicador público de rentas de efectos múltiples (IPREM).
- Limitación de embargos. Se limita la posibilidad de embargo de determinadas prestaciones y ayudas concedidas por las Administraciones Públicas mediante la aplicación de las reglas que ya rigen en la actualidad en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil en relación con los embargos del salario, sueldo o pensión. De esta forma, la protección a este tipo de colectivos vulnerables es doble ya que, además de evitar el embargo de las ayudas sociales concedidas, no se tendrá que tributar por ellas.
- Violencia de género. Se declaran exentas de tributación las ayudas y asistencia a las víctimas de delitos violentos y contra la libertad sexual y, en particular, a víctimas de violencia de género.
- Adaptación de antenas colectivas de TDT. Se declaran exentas las ayudas otorgadas para compensar los costes derivados de la recepción o acceso a los servicios de comunicación audiovisual televisiva en los edificios afectados por la liberación del dividendo digital.
Para consultar BOE completo: BOE-A-2015-7765 (pdf)
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