Hoy os traemos una infografía que recopila los principales motivos para que tu coche te deje tirado. Sólo conociendo cuales son estas causas podremos tratar de ponerles freno:
1.-Batería: es un elemento del coche del que a menudo nos olvidamos pero es fundamental para su correcto funcionamiento. Cumple con la función crucial de permitir el arranque del motor.
Las averías más comunes de la batería son:
A) Exceso de vibración: esto suele deberse a que el soporte de la batería está mal montado. En esta situación, la batería vibra de forma excesiva durante la marcha del vehículo.
B) Fin del ciclo de vida de la batería: las baterías soportan un número de ciclos de carga y descarga, una vez alcanzados esos ciclos la vida de tu batería llegará a su fin.
C) Exceso de accesorios no originales: accesorios no originales del vehículo como son los faros antiniebla, nuevos faros de xenón, equipos adicionales de audio, nuevos sistemas de rastreo GPS, etc. pueden hacer que tu batería diga “basta”. Tu batería no ha sido diseñada para alimentar esos sistemas extra.
D) Mal funcionamiento del sistema de carga, debido a averías en el alternador.
F) Celdas secas al no alcanzar los niveles de agua mínimos que necesita la batería (en caso de que tu batería necesite mantenimiento).
¿Qué puedo hacer para evitar estas averías?
Revisar periódicamente el alternador y el regulador de nuestro coche. De este modo evitaremos sobrecargas.
En caso de que instalemos accesorios adicionales, consultar con un especialista si es necesario incrementar la capacidad de nuestra batería.
Realizar un correcto mantenimiento de la batería. Esto siempre ayuda ;). Verifica los niveles de agua y asegúrate de que los bornes estén limpios (en las revisiones habituales de tu taller lo harán sin problemas).
2.-Averías mecánicas: dentro de este apartado podemos incluir multitud de averías. Hemos seleccionado las más frecuentes.
A) Bomba de combustible: la bomba bombea (valga la redundancia) combustible desde el depósito a los conductos de inyección. Como imaginarás, si este elemento falla el combustible no llegará a los inyectores y se parará.
B) La bomba del agua: de bomba en bomba va la cosa. Esta segunda bomba es la encargada de que circule el agua que refrigera el motor. Detectarás que no funciona correctamente si la aguja de la temperatura de tu coche comienza a dispararse. Generalmente se debe a que, con el paso del tiempo, se oxida y las partículas de óxido desprendidas generan un mal funcionamiento de la bomba.
C) El catalizador: este elemento es fundamental para que nuestro coche contamine menos. Es parte del tubo de escape y tiene como objetivo quemar por completo los gases que genera el motor. El escape está compuesto por varios tramos unidos entre sí por tuercas y sellado con una masilla resistente a la temperatura. Las averías vienen con fallos de sellado en la masilla y si se sueltan dichas tuercas. Si esto se llega a producir es muy probable que te des cuenta a simple vista ya que se soltará y dará en el suelo.
D) La Centralita: este elemento gestiona la electrónica del motor. Detectarás la avería porque tu coche dará tirones inexplicables o se parara sin razón aparente. En función del grado de avería, bastará con reprogramarla o será necesario sustituirla por una nueva.
E) La Correa de Distribución: la correa sincroniza el movimiento de válvulas y pistones. Es una de las averías con mayor coste de reparación, conviene que estés al día en las revisiones y que te preocupes por cada cuanto tiempo es necesario sustituirla. Su avería más grave es la rotura de la correa, oirás un fuerte ruido y el motor se parará. No obstante también puede destensarse y en fases previas a la rotura puedes detectar fisuras y cuarteamiento.
3.-Lunas: la principal causa de rotura de lunas es que salte “gravilla” de la calzada proyectada por algún vehículo que circule próximo a nosotros. Los gradientes térmicos súbitos y los intentos de robo (o robos) son otras causas pero menos probables que la primera. Para tratar de evitar que se te rompa la luna por este motivo trata de mantener la distancia de seguridad y acude a tu taller de forma temprana, puedes evitar una rotura mayor.
4.-Accidentes: En este cajón pondremos los accidentes que son imputables a causas externas al vehículo. El consumo de drogas y/o alcohol, la falta de descanso y las condiciones de la carretera son las principales causas. Es tu responsabilidad, en este caso el coche no te deja tirado, es el conductor imprudente el que “deja tirado” al resto de conductores.
5.-Pérdida de llaves: Simple, sin llaves….no arranca el coche. Parece una estupidez pero no querrás comprobar lo cara que puede salirte la broma.
6.-Neumáticos: Los pinchazos de ruedas son una de las principales causas de que tu coche te deje tirado (y de accidentes graves). A continuación te pasamos algunos consejos para tratar de evitar que te suceda:
A) Revisar la presión del neumático de forma habitual: rodar con una presión errónea provoca mayor desgaste del neumático y aumenta el consumo de combustible. Cada modelo de coche tiene una presión recomendada de acuerdo al uso que se le dé y al peso que cargue. La presión debe verificarse en frío. No te olvides de revisar también la de repuesto ;).
B) Cambia el neumático cuando el dibujo no tenga la profundidad necesaria: el mínimo legal es de 1,6 mm, pero se recomienda cambiarlo al llegar a los 3mm. Cuando se acerca a los 1,6 el neumático es más susceptible de sufrir un pinchazo (tiene menos espesor y aguanta peor cualquier elemento punzante).
C) Evita circular por los arcenes de la carretera: es en esta zona donde se acumula la gravilla y los materiales que caen de los camiones. Si al conducir te acercas mucho y vas por el arcén, tienes más riesgo de sufrir un pinchazo.
7.-Robo: en este caso no es que te deje tirado… es que algún “amigo de lo ajeno” te deja tirado, ante esto poco se puede hacer… sé prudente y contrata un buen seguro: https://elsegurogeneral.com/seguros-de-vehiculos/seguros-de-coche.
8.-Combustible: Esto que pare tan obvio, pasa. Si, fundamentalmente por do motivos:
A) Combustible erróneo: pues eso, ponemos diésel cuando es un motor de gasolina o viceversa. Si te has equivocado y has llenado el depósito es muy probable que el motor quede inservible. En caso de que eches una pequeña parte es probable que no te percates pero puede generar averías a la larga.
B) Quedarse sin combustible: no apures mucho… al final te arrepientes. Quedarse sin combustible es una faena, puede pasarte por apurar más de la cuenta o porque el medidor del depósito no funcione de forma apropiada. En este segundo caso, acude a tu taller de confianza.
Aunque todos conocemos estas causas, no está de más recordarlas….quizás ahora revises alguno de estos puntos en tu vehículo ;). No obstante… ¿qué hacemos si finalmente nos quedamos tirados?
1.- Encuentra un lugar seguro para colocar tu coche y coloca los triángulos de forma segura, no olvides tu chaleco.
2.- Ponte en un lugar seguro. Es importante que intentes localizar un sitio seguro.
3.- Llama al teléfono de asistencia de tu compañía de seguros. Descárgate la app de ElSeguroGeneral.com y siempre los tendrás a mano:
Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mobincube.android.sc_LXKPF
Esperamos que te haya gustado ;).
Redacción ElSeguroGeneral.com.
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